The concept of a nurse with a body of knowledge acquired through a preparatory school and the use of certain theories (the so-called “nursing”), entered Italy in 1860 by the aristocratic women and foreign women, which they called “nurses” to foreign open the first school for nurses. But these were not defined as real schools, but rather a set of courses, lectures, meetings, without a defined body of teachings.

Strange as it refers mainly to English school with the huge amount of documentation produced by nurse Florence Nightingale (1822-1910). Since the beginning of the twentieth century we had a short, forty years later than the British!

Florence Nightingale (pictured), revolutionary for its time nurse began to row against the cliche that the nurse wants ignorant and devoid of discretion. The opening in 1860 of its nursing school at St. Thomas’s of London (the Nightingale School), it was strongly opposed by doctors believe that educating the nurses meant that they can enter the “domain” reserved to them alone.

The course duration was, by then, an inordinately year! In addition, the students lived in the same hospital in a kind of boarding school. If this one part allowed to rest in a quiet environment after shifts at the hospital, the other allowed to Florence and its employees to know all the details of the privacy of students! Privacy Viva! The next one!

The boarding-schools were administered by medical director and primary hospital where the school resided. The so-called director of the boarding school was the only nurse present administration, with virtually no power.

It follows from this model of authoritarianism typical “twenty years” focused on very low view of nursing, especially as performed by female figures, and found the alternative to the medical profession. Then as the hour in any health care were based on the figure of the doctor!

Teachers and doctors were obviously the only figure is that of director of nursing school and boarding school which was very much task of teaching moral education of students. The teaching nursing techniques was very superficial and fragmented, while in some schools to nursing students are taught home economics! It ‘totally lacking the teaching of “nursing” as the Nightingale had proposed some sixty years ago!

Students are required to the qualification of secondary school of first instance, but it was not even mandatory. The elementary school was enough if the application was accompanied by the declaration of two “respectable” by the school known about the morality of the applicant.

In those years the military thought it was fashionable, I want to quote Article 42 of Royal Decree 2330 of 1929 which provided for the grant of a nurse practitioner who had completed the training, especially in military hospitals or the Red Cross. The Red Cross volunteer nurses in the two decades that have had several facilities. Just flipping the law 1084 of 1937.

School for professional nurses is included in these years in a context of complete dependence on medical figure. Not provided any form of criticism, nor a specific role in the healthcare system and self era by the professional nurse. During the same period comes the figure of the ‘general nurses’ lower-level operator that the RD 1310/1940 it places the work in hospitals under the nurse’s professional responsibility.

The only merit should be recognized that the system is that it lawfully disciplined operation of the nursing profession and have established two levels (professional and general), somehow putting an end to the complete confusion that prevailed until then. Next time we’ll see what they did and what the nurses studied decades earlier from the 50s until February 1999.

Mirella Lamberti has been Director of Nursing School of Sondalo Maria Alessandra and Marisa SIMONELLI of Sondalo 1974 to 1997.

OPEN LETTER FROM THE FORMER DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL NURSES Sondalo

After a decade of nursing at the Hospital of Sondalo, I was director of the school nurses’ Maria Alessandra and Marisa SIMONELLI for 23 years, assisted by a group of very valid contributors. I think I can claim to know well the history of the school so much talked about today and most of those who speak in this period.

I met students from all over Italy, from all areas of the province, from Livigno to Valchiavenna despite having been created as a result even the school nurses of Sondrio.

This long-term human and professional experience leads me to invite everyone, and not politicians, who lack depth of the argument are left to carry apocalyptic predictions of a certain decay of the university course in nursing in Sondalo avoiding an instrumental use of what was an undeniable asset for the whole Province.

The topic of the future and use of Sondalo Hospital is not new, it speaks for many years. In the latter period this debate was reignited in recent days and the focus was on an important component of the garrison, which was the Nursing School.

As a former manager I feel obliged to intervene not trivial polemics, but to restore what is historical truth. In particular, I read that somebody got to say that nursing school was closed for lack of enrollment and therefore bring in Sondalo would repeat a mistake. These statements do not conform to reality.

The nursing school was established by the INPS in the year ’62 / ’63 is the first experience of county level in the field of professional nursing culture. Its establishment etched heavily on economic and social fabric and promoting a culture of health among the population.

Represented a great innovation and opportunities within the training time in the context of this Province providing many young people a secure future work, professionally and humanely trained. During the year training at the School of Sondalo lived fruitful cultural exchanges at international level, with schools and hospitals in France, Spain, England etc..

It is worth pointing out that its inclusion in the Hospital of Sondalo helped raise the quality of health care by all recognized at the national level.
In all these years at the school Sondalo have graduated over 1,200 nurses, 64 nurses and 76 nurse practitioners.

Like all school nurses in the Region (then about 78 now reduced to 15 and mostly allocated in hospitals as was to Sondalo), we also had to comply with the directions of the region which determined the number of posts assigned, and the subsequent publication of notices of competition, or called themselves, notices of recruitment.

During my work has always had an excess of requests compared to the number of seats allocated by the Region that unfortunately required a necessary selection.

Tarsformazione view of the course for professional nurses in the course of degree in Nursing, the Region decided to simplify the number of schools pending the establishment of the new curriculum. On that occasion due to a number of reasons, mainly political, the region not assigned places at the school of Sondalo since 1995 and therefore was not possible to publish notices of recruitment.

In those years led to the conclusion already started courses up to the forced closure with the latest graduates of 1997. So the truth is that today, as then there is a set of behaviors and anti Sondalo leading even to say things are not true.

I have no fear, and indeed I am sure you can argue that if the school had issued notices of Sondalo, would continue to have a high number of entries as is always the case.

The reasons have been identified:
the setting from college with a university dormitory and canteen service which they are bound to add value and provides optimal rationalization of time to devote to the theoretical and the practical; the opportunity for students to do an internship in different specialties within the same structure, further improvement in training; resulting level of training of nurses valuable, riconociuto by everyone, including large hospitals outside the province.

Finally on this occasion I must reiterate that the school was established and named in memory of INPS Maria Simonelli Alexandria and Marisa, two health workers killed at the hands of a patient Hospital Sondalo. I therefore call not just to Faedo to one of the two, and I believe that the institution should be instead dedicated to their memory remains settled in the place where the tragic event occurred.

In thanks for the hospitality given to me, I express the hope that future policy will be able to convey the demands of the territory according to standard assessments of opportunities in the light of historical experience, and pursuing a unity of purpose based on a comparison fair and honest and not stretched and distorted information to pursue their goals.



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